OUR PUBLICATIONS AT THE SITE

LASER IGNITION OF OXYGEN-ETHANOL AND OXYGEN-KEROSENE PROPELLANTS BY COMPACT LASER IN NON-PRECHAMBER LOW-THRUST ROCKET ENGINE

S.G.Rebrov, A.N.Golikov, V.A.Golubev Keldysh Research Center, Moscow, Russia

Results of experimental investigations of design of compact laser ignition system for 50N low-thrust rocket engine (LTRE) operating on oxygen - ethanol or oxygen - kerosene fuels are presented.
The experiments were conducted at 5ST-04 test bench of Keldysh Center in atmospheric conditions, the oxidizer-to-fuel ratio was varied from 0.26 to 0.84 and from 0.55 to 1.06 in experiments with oxygen - ethanol and oxygen - kerosene fuels respectively. Total components consumption was up to 21 g/s. Two types of compact solid-state lasers were used for laser ignition, there were single-pulse laser and pulse-periodical laser. Laser was immediately attached to low-thrust rocket engine and laser radiation was focused through the optical window to combustible region. Regimes of short-run LTRE operating, that ensure reliable combustion in wide range of operating characteristics, were checked.

LASER IGNITION OF OXYGEN - HYDROGEN, OXYGEN - METANE ROCKET FUELS IN IGNITERS

A.V. Ivanov, S.G. Rebrov, A.N. Golikov - Keldysh Research Center, Moscow, Russia, V.Yu. Guterman, KADB, Voronezh, Russia

Results of experimental researches on developing laser system for ignition of nonhypergolic components of oxygen - hydrogen, oxygen - metane rocket fuel are presented in this paper. During experiments the modelling igniters similar to actual igniters by key parameters were used. Researches were conducted on 5ST-04 facility of Keldysh Research Center, allowing to model processes of laser ignition both in an atmosphere and in vacuum. The data on concentration limits of the ignition and, required energy of laser pulses have been received. The full version of this paper is placed on Russian part of a site.

C1 azeotropic ozone-friendly refrigerating agent featuring a low potential of global warming (GWP<100), an energy efficient substitute for R12, R134a and R600a Freon compounds for domestic and commercial refrigeration equipment and automobile air conditioners.

SPECIALIZED WIND TUNNEL FOR TESTS OF THE MODELS OF AFTERBODY PARTS IN ROCKETS AND FLYING VEHICLES WITH WORKING PROPULSION SYSTEMS

I.A. Golov

Description of the specialized wind tunnel (WT) intended for tests of the models of afterbody parts in the rockets and flying vehicles with working propulsion systems (PS) within the range M= 0...3 is given. It has been determined that the coefficient of utilization of the WT working section can be higher than the conventional one and can change within the limits from 7% to 23% at subsonic and transonic tests. The existing techniques and experimental results received in WT allow one to specify base pressure and other characteristics for full-scale conditions of the rocket and flying vehicle flight at sufficient accuracy level.

WATER DISINFECTION BY IMPULSE ELECTRIC DISCHARGES

K.V. Volkov, A.L. Grogoriev, Yu.A. Nagel, I.V. Uvarova

Genesis, evolution and structure of shock waves being the main factor of bacterial disinfection at powerful impulse electric discharges in water are theoretically studied.
The investigation of the shock wave structure was fulfilled in plane one-dimensional approximation at using the hydrodynamics generalized equations proposed by B.V. Alekseyev. Possible mechanisms of microorganism destruction under effect of the shock wave were considered. Efficiency of disinfection of powerful impulse discharges in the model solutions, natural and sewage water containing colibacilli 1257 and coliphage MS-2 was experimentally studied.

EXPANDER LRE OF 200 TF THRUST ON HYDROCARBON FUEL

G. P. Kalmykov, Ye. V. Lebedinsky, V. I. Tararyshkin, I. O. Yeliseev

First Expander LRE was made by American Company "Pratt&Whitney Aircraft" in 1958-1963. It is known as engine RL-10 [1]. This engine is a "long-liver" and it has been modifying many times since 1963 [2]. Successful experience in maintenance of the given engine, simplicity of its cycle and high energy-mass efficiency arise the interest to similar cycle in multiple design organizations of various world countries: USA, Japan, France, Russia.
We suggest a new cycle of Expander LRE. The obtained results are given below.
1.Feasibility of new-cycle Expander LRE allowing one to expand the range of engine serviceability in thrust up to 200 tf; in pressure in the combustion chamber - up to 25 MPa is considered. In contradiction to existing Expander LRE, the proposed cycle of LRE is capable to operate on oxygen and any hydrocarbon fuel.
2.Comparison of new-cycle LRE with oxidizer-rich generator gas staged combustion cycle on components: oxygen + kerosene was made. High efficiency and reliability of new-cycle LRE were shown.
3.Ballistic efficiency of Expander LRE cycle on kerosene was estimated. It was shown that in terms of ballistic efficiency, the new-cycle engines is on a par with and even exceeds a little the engines of oxidizer-rich generator gas staged combustion cycle.
4.In comparison with LRE of oxidizer-rich generator gas staged combustion cycle, the increased reliability of new-cycle Expander LRE is caused by:
-Lack of gas generator and systems related to its start and stop;
-Low temperatures of the working fluid of the turbines (~ 350 шЉ);
-Minimal levels of pressure behind the pumps of oxidizer and fuel (at the level of pressure in the combustion chamber).

MILTILEVEL MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF THE FLOW REGULATOR FOR LRE

Ye. V. Lebedinsky, B. V. Zaytsev, A. A. Sobolev

The paper deals with the problems associated with design and analysis of static and dynamic characteristics of the LRE flow regulator. Presented are the mathematical models for:
1) determination of structural parameters of the regulator from the given control range and the form of its conjectured static characteristic;
2) calculation of the static characteristic from specific structural parameters of the regulator;
3) evaluation of the regulator dynamic characteristic and calculation of the transient process quality with variation in operating modes of engine;
4) consideration of the problem of the interaction between regulator and engine and, in particular, calculation of the stability limit in terms of regulator parameters.
The concrete examples illustrating potentialities of each of mathematical models considered are given.

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE SOOT MAINTENANCE IN REGENERATIVE OXYGEN-METANE GENERATING GAS

For perspective engines which works on hydrocarbonic fuel, first of all liquid rocket engines (LRE) repeated use with a long resource of work, it is the extremely important to provide regular passableness of all gas pathes, including atomizers, during all set resource of work. One of possible sources of pollution of gas pathes can be the condensed phase (K-phase) mainly consisting from particles of soot, which can be basically formed in combustion gas. Besides the data on the maintenance of soot in combustion gas can be used for an estimation of completeness of fuel combustion, research processes of burning and mix formation.

THE ANALYSIS OF HEAT SETTING PROCESS OF POLIMERIC FIBERS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONIC FIBER

L. I. Volkova,Keldysh Research Center, Moscow

The mathematical model and program for computation of thermal state of polymeric fiber bundles (or webs), heat-transfer gas streamlining and (or) being filtrated through the bundle, heat generations in bundles and a fraction of substance having reacted in each generalized reaction in different heat setting regimes have been developed.

LASER CLEANING OF WATER BODY SURFACE FROM OIL FILM

P. D. Zhuravlev

Experimental investigations were performed at KeRC which showed feasibility of cleaning the water surface from the oil film with the help of a laser beam. It is the matter of the oil film which appears on the water surface as a result of failure of tankers which carry oil. In normal conditions the oil film on the water surface does not burn due to the thermal contact of oil and water.
The source of laser radiation was a high-power gasdynamic continuous-wave CO₂ laser. As a result of numerous experiments one succeeded in obtaining an energy criterion of total disposal of the oil film by laser radiation.
The mechanism of laser destruction of the oil film is as follows:
the laser radiation passes through the oil film and gets absorbed by a thin layer of water;
the water goes to the metastable state; the explosive boiling occurs; the thermal contact of oil and water is broken;
the oil film is thrown up and split in drops; a combustible mixture of oil and air is formed; the oil pollution burns.
The method of laser cleaning of the surface of water bodies features a number of advantages as compared to existing methods. The laser method is quick, non-contact and universal. The potential of this method can be increased by change-over to pulsed-continuous wave operation of laser.

VORTEX GAS FLOW NEAR THE ENDS OF THE CHANNELS WITH INJECTION FROM LATERAL SURFACES

K.A. Chumakine

Visualization and the results of measurement of the airflow velocities in vortex area near the ends of the channels (plane and cylindrical) with injection from the lateral surfaces are presented. A law has been established as a result of the experimental studies; field of flow velocities in the initial part of the channel is automodel in Reynolds number Re₀ determined on gas or liquid injection velocity into the channel under condition Re₀> 10⁴ or Re₀= 10⁴.

Research on acoustic mechanism of anti-pulse baffles effect.
Mathematical analysis of the first tangential mode energy scattering phenomenon at transverse oscillations on longitudinal metal ribs in cylindrical channel is presented. It has been shown that several absolutely rigid ribs on the cylindrical surface of the channel lead to reducing the first resonance maximum magnitude of flow frequency characteristic in the channel for the first tangential mode of transverse oscillations. The computational results correlated with the experiment have confirmed the correctness of a phenomenon model proposed in the work.

Analysis of possible methods of oxygen-kerosene LPE improvement
The emerging commercial trend in space exploration has set new requirements for propulsion units (PU). The main requirements include higher reliability and low cost of PUs while maintaining (or improving) the existing level of energy-mass perfection.